Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a mouse model expressing human ACE2

doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.071290

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Antiviral effect and cell cytotoxicity of protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin. The viral RNA production in the supernatant of infected Vero-E6 cells was quantified with qRT-PCR. The value at each compound concentration was presented relative to that at zero compound concentration that was set as 100% (blue). The percentage of reduction in viable cells at different compound concentration (red) was measured using the CCK8 assay. The value at each compound concentration was calculated using the formula, 100-Value (compound concentration)/Value (zero compound concentration). EC50, concentration for 50% of maximal effect; CC50, concentration for 50% of maximal cytotoxic effect; S.I., selectivity index. Data from three independent experiments were analyzed. (B) Immunofluorescence of intracellular viral N protein. Intracellular expression of N protein was assessed by staining of infected Vero-E6 cells with the polyclonal anti-N antibody (1:1000 dilution, green). Nuclei were stained with DAPI. CPE was shown in bright field.

Article Snippet: The data revealed the complete inhibition of N protein expression by protoporphyrin IX, verteporfin and remdesivir at 1.25 μM, 0.31 μM, and 6.25 μM, respectively ( ).

Techniques: Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Concentration Assay, CCK-8 Assay, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a mouse model expressing human ACE2

doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.071290

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic presentation of treatment timing of protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin. Briefly, Vero-E6 cells were treated with protoporphyrin IX, verteporfin or the solvent DMSO before viral infection, during viral entry and after viral entry. A total of 8 treatment groups (I-VIII) for each compound were set up. (B) Antiviral effect of different treatment timing. Viral RNA level in the supernatant of infected Vero-E6 cells was quantified with qRT-PCR. The values of group I to VII were presented relative to that of group VIII which was set as 100%, respectively. Statistical significance was determined using the unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. *** P < 0.001. Data from three independent experiments were analyzed. (C) Immunofluorescence of intracellular viral N protein. Intracellular expression of N protein of different treatment timing was assessed by staining of infected Vero-E6 cells with the polyclonal anti-N antibody (1:1000 dilution, green). Nuclei were stained with DAPI.

Article Snippet: The data revealed the complete inhibition of N protein expression by protoporphyrin IX, verteporfin and remdesivir at 1.25 μM, 0.31 μM, and 6.25 μM, respectively ( ).

Techniques: Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Two Tailed Test, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a mouse model expressing human ACE2

doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.071290

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic presentation of treatment design. Briefly, Vero-E6 cells were pre-treated with protoporphyrin IX, verteporfin or the solvent DMSO before viral infection for 1 hour, then the drugs were removed and the cells were washed and infected with an increasing titer of SARS-CoV-2. (B) CPE of the cells with the different treatment. (C) Immunofluorescence of intracellular viral N protein. Intracellular expression of N protein of different treatment was assessed by staining of infected Vero-E6 cells with the polyclonal anti-N antibody (1:1000 dilution, green). Nuclei were stained with DAPI.

Article Snippet: The data revealed the complete inhibition of N protein expression by protoporphyrin IX, verteporfin and remdesivir at 1.25 μM, 0.31 μM, and 6.25 μM, respectively ( ).

Techniques: Infection, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a mouse model expressing human ACE2

doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.071290

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Structures of protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin. (B) Docking of ACE2 peptidase domain (PD) with protoporphyrin IX (blue) and verteporfin (pink). The 3D structure of PD is from cryo-electron microscopy structure of the ACE2-B 0 AT1 complex (PDB ID: 6m18). The surface of PD is shown. (C) Interactions of protoporphyrin IX (upper) or verteporfin (bottom) with ACE2 residues. (D) Binding profiles of protoporphyrin IX or verteporfin to ACE2-Fc protein measured with Biolayer Interferometry assay.

Article Snippet: The data revealed the complete inhibition of N protein expression by protoporphyrin IX, verteporfin and remdesivir at 1.25 μM, 0.31 μM, and 6.25 μM, respectively ( ).

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Binding Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a mouse model expressing human ACE2

doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.071290

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Blocking effect on ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 S-mediated cell-cell fusion by protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin. The inhibitory value of protoporphyrin IX or verteporfin-treated group was presented relative to that of the DMSO-treated group which was set as 100%, respectively. Statistical significance was determined using the unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. *** P < 0.001. (B) ELISA. The binding of His-RBD or ACE2-Fc to drug-treated pre-coated ACE-Fc or His-RBD was measured by absorbance at 450 nm. Statistical significance was determined using the unpaired twotailed Student’s t test. *** P < 0.001. Data from triplicate wells were analyzed.

Article Snippet: The data revealed the complete inhibition of N protein expression by protoporphyrin IX, verteporfin and remdesivir at 1.25 μM, 0.31 μM, and 6.25 μM, respectively ( ).

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Two Tailed Test, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Binding Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a mouse model expressing human ACE2

doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.071290

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Relative viral titer measured with TCID50 assay. SARS-CoV-2 (2×10 5 PFU) was treated with 1% DMSO, protoporphyrin IX (100 μM), verteporfin (20 μM) or 0.2% Triton X-100 for 30 minutes. The compounds were removed by centrifugal ultrafiltration and viral titers were measured with TCID50 assay on Vero-E6 cells. ( B ) Immunofluorescence of intracellular viral N protein. Intracellular expression of N protein was assessed by staining infected Vero-E6 cells using the polyclonal anti-N antibody (1:1000 dilution, green). Nuclei were stained with DAPI.

Article Snippet: The data revealed the complete inhibition of N protein expression by protoporphyrin IX, verteporfin and remdesivir at 1.25 μM, 0.31 μM, and 6.25 μM, respectively ( ).

Techniques: TCID50 Assay, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Staining, Infection

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Loss of p53 and SMAD4 induces adenosquamous subtype pancreatic cancer in the absence of an oncogenic KRAS mutation

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101711

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Verteporfin , Selleck , Cat# S1786.

Techniques: Virus, Recombinant, Protease Inhibitor, Reverse Transcription, SYBR Green Assay, CCK-8 Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Staining, Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay, Sample Prep, Gene Expression, Software